Cytochrome P450 2C19 enzyme, Cytochrome P450 2C9 enzyme, and Cytochrome P450 2D6 enzyme allelic variants and its possible effect on drug metabolism

EffEct of cytochromE P450 2D6 anD 3a EnzymE InhIbItIon on thE mEtabolIsm of oxycoDonE

Cytochrome P450: taming a wild type enzyme.

Protein engineering of cytochrome P450 monooxygenases (P450s) has been very successful in generating valuable non-natural activities and properties, allowing these powerful catalysts to be used for the synthesis of drug metabolites and in biosynthetic pathways for the production of precursors of artemisinin and paclitaxel. Collected experience indicates that the P450s are highly 'evolvable' - t...

Cytochrome P450 Enzyme Inhibitors from Nature

Cytochrome P450 (CYP) is a heme containing enzyme superfamily that catalyzes the oxidative biotransformation of lipophilic substrates to hydrophilic metabolites facilitating their removal from cells. The CYPs were first recognized by Martin Klingenberg (Klingenberg, 1958) while studying the spectrophotometric properties of pigments in a microsomal fraction prepared from rat livers. When a dilut...

Cytochrome P450 enzyme mediated herbal drug interactions (Part 1)

It is well recognized that herbal supplements or herbal medicines are now commonly used. As many patients taking prescription medications are concomitantly using herbal supplements, there is considerable risk for adverse herbal drug interactions. Such interactions can enhance the risk for an individual patient, especially with regard to drugs with a narrow therapeutic index such as warfarin, cy...

Cytochrome P450 enzyme mediated herbal drug interactions (Part 2)

To date, a number of significant herbal drug interactions have their origins in the alteration of cytochrome P450 (CYP) activity by various phytochemicals. Among the most noteworthy are those involving St. John's wort and drugs metabolized by human CYP3A4 enzyme. This review article is the continued work from our previous article (Part 1) published in this journal (Wanwimolruk and Prachayasitti...